Selelekela
Lefatšeng le leholo la likepe tsa lefats'e, ho tšepahala ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Likepe li tsamaisa thepa e fetang 80% ea thepa ea lefatše ka bongata, e leng se etsang hore indasteri ea likepe e be mokokotlo oa bohlokoa moruong oa lefatše. Ho tloha ka likepe tse kholo ho ea ho likepe tse nyane, likepe tsohle li itšetlehile ka ts'ebetso e se nang sekoli ea mochini oa tsona ho etsa bonnete ba hore li sebetsa hantle. E 'ngoe e atisang ho hlokomolohuoa, empa e le ea bohlokoa haholo, karolo ea mochini oa likepe ke tiiso ea mochini.
Setiiso sa mochinili bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ho lutla—ebang ke ho tsoa mafura, oli, metsi, kapa lintho tse ling tse kotsi—ho ea fokotsoa kapa ho thibeloa ka ho feletseng. Indasteri ea likepe e sebetsa maemong a thata haholo, ka ho pepesehela metsi a letsoai, lits'ebetso tsa khatello e phahameng, le mocheso o fetohang, ho etsa hore litiiso tsa mochini li be bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho, ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso ea likepe tsa tikoloho.
Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba bohlokoa ba litiiso tsa mochini indastering ea likepe, lits'ebetso tsa tsona ho pholletsa le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa likepe, liphephetso tsa ho sebetsa tlas'a maemo a leoatle, le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e entsoeng ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tiiso le ho ts'epahala.
Setiiso sa Mechini ke Eng?
Setiiso sa mochini ke sesebelisoa se sebelisetsoang ho thibela ho dutla ha maro kapa likhase lipakeng tsa libaka tse peli tsa ho nyalana ka har'a lisebelisoa tse potolohang, joalo ka lipompo, li-compressor le li-turbine. E sebetsa ka ho theha mokoallo pakeng tsa shaft e tsamaeang le karolo e emeng ea mochine, hangata ka ho sebelisa khatello ea ho tiisa sebopeho, e leng se thibelang mokelikeli ho tsoa. Mechanical seal e sebelisoa litsamaisong moo maro, joalo ka oli, mafura, metsi, kapa lik'hemik'hale, a hlokang ho bolokoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a khatello.
Boemong ba maoatle, liqibi tse entsoeng ka mochini li etselitsoe ho mamella maemo a thata a ho pepesehela metsi a letsoai, khatello e phahameng, mocheso o feteletseng, le tlhoko ea ho tšoarella nako e telele ea ts'ebetso.
Hobaneng ha Mechanical Litiiso li le Bohlokoa Khoebong ea Thomello?
Litiiso tsa mechini li sebeletsa merero e mengata ea bohlokoa indastering ea likepe. Ha re hlahlobeng a mang a mabaka a etsang hore litiiso tsa mochini li bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e bolokehileng le e sebetsang ea likepe:
1. Thibelo ea ho Lutla ha Mekelikeli
E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea bohlokoahali ea litiiso tsa mochini indastering ea likepe ke ho thibela ho tsoa ha mokelikeli. Likepe li itšetlehile ka mefuta e fapaneng ea litsamaiso tse kenyelletsang ho tsamaisoa ha metsi a kotsi, a feto-fetohang kapa a khatello e phahameng, ho kenyeletsoa mafura, mafura le lipholi. Ho lutla ho ka baka ho hloleha ho matla, ho lebisa tšilafalong ea tikoloho, esita le ho baka maemo a kotsi joalo ka likotsi tsa mollo kapa liqhomane.
Ka mohlala, litiiso tsamaisong ea mafura li thibela ho lutla ha maro a tukang a ka bakang mollo kapa ho phatloha. Litiiso tsamaisong ea ho pholisa li thibela ho lutla ha metsi ho ka bakang ho futhumala ho feteletseng ka lienjineng le mecheng e meng. Litiiso tsa mechine li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore maro a lula a sireletsehile ka har'a mochine, ho thibela likotsi tse joalo.
2. Tšireletso ea Tikoloho
Tšireletso ea tikoloho ke o mong oa boikarabello ba mantlha ba indasteri ea maoatle. Mechini litiiso li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore ho lateloa melao ea tikoloho, joalo ka ho thibela ho tsoa ha lintho tse kotsi ka leoatleng, tse ka lebisang ho qhaleng ha oli kapa ho silafala ka litsela tse ling.
Kaha tšilafalo ea leoatle ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse tšoenyang haholo indastering ea likepe ea sejoale-joale, tšebeliso ea liqibi tsa mochini e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea boiteko ba ho fokotsa tšenyo ea tikoloho ea maoatleng. Mohlala, lipompo tsa metsi le lisebelisoa tse ling tse ka har'a likepe li sebelisa litiiso tsa mochini ho etsa bonnete ba hore maro afe kapa afe a ka bang kotsi a kentsoe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng 'me ha a lutlele ka metsing.
3. Matla a Matla
Mechanical lial le tsona li kenya letsoho ho matlafatseng matla a litsamaiso tsa likepe. Haeba tiiso e hlōleha, e ka lebisa ho lahleheloeng ke maro a bohlokoa, a kang oli e tlotsang kapa se pholisang. Sena, ka lehlakoreng le leng, se ka fella ka tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea matla ha mochini o ntse o sebetsa ka thata ho boloka tšebetso e nepahetseng.
Ho phaella moo, ho lutla ha litsi tse pholisang kapa mafura ho ka fella ka ho hlōleha ha mechine ea bohlokoa, e hlokang ho lokisoa ho bitsang chelete e ngata le likarolo tse ling. Ka ho etsa bonnete ba hore litiiso li lula li tiile ebile li sebetsa, litiiso tsa mochini li thusa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo, le ho lelefatsa nako ea bophelo ea likarolo tsa sekepe.
4. Polokeho ea Basebetsi le Bapalami
Litiiso tsa mechine li kenya letsoho ka ho toba polokehong ea basebetsi le bapalami ba sekepe ka ho thibela ho se sebetse hantle ho ka bakang likotsi, joalo ka likhohola, mollo, kapa likotsi tse phatlohang. Ho hlōleha ha litiiso, haholo-holo lits'ebetsong tse mahlonoko tse kang litanka tsa mafura, lisebelisoa tsa ho pholisa, le mekhoa ea ho hloekisa metsi a ballast, ho ka lebisa maemong a kotsi.
Ka ho boloka botšepehi ba litsamaiso tsa bohlokoa, litiiso tsa mechine li tiisa hore sekepe se sebetsa hantle, se na le kotsi e fokolang ho basebetsi. Li boetse li thusa ho fokotsa monyetla oa boemo ba tšohanyetso, ho etsa bonnete ba hore sekepe se ka tsoela pele leetong la sona ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ntle le litšitiso tse kholo.
5. Thibelo ea Corrosion
Likepe li pepesehetse tikoloho e senyang haholo ka lebaka la ho sebelisana ha tsona kamehla le metsi a leoatle. Metsi a letsoai, haholo-holo, a potlakisa ho bola ha litšepe tse fapaneng le thepa e sebelisoang kahong ea likepe le mecheng. Litiiso tsa mechini li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng lisebelisoa hore li se ke tsa senyeha ka ho thibela metsi a letsoai ho kena libakeng tse bobebe, joalo ka litanka tsa mafura, mechini le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase.
Lisebelisoa tsa Bohlokoa tsa Litiiso tsa Mechini Lefapheng la Thomello
Litiiso tsa mechini li sebelisoa litsamaisong tse fapaneng ka har'a likepe, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bonolo le ts'ireletso khahlano le ho lutla, tšilafalo le tšenyo ea tikoloho. Ka tlase ke tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa:
1. Mekhoa ea Mafura
Lisebelisoa tsa mafura ka har'a likepe li hloka litharollo tsa tiiso tse tšepahalang haholo ho thibela ho lutla ha mafura. Kaha likepe li na le libeso tse ngata—tseo hangata li leng oli e boima kapa diesel—li-mechanical lial li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thibela ho lutla ho ka bakang tšenyo e mpe ea libeso kapa mollong o ka bang teng.
• Lipompo: Lipompo tse sebelisoang litsing tsa mafura li tlameha ho koaloa ho thibela ho lutla ha mafura nakong ea ho fetisetsoa lienjineng kapa libakeng tse ling tsa polokelo.
• Litanka: Litiiso tse holim'a litanka tsa mafura li thibela mosi hore o tsoe 'me li etsa bonnete ba hore mafura a lula a sireletsehile ka linako tsohle.
• Li-valve: Litiiso tsa mechine li boetse li sebelisoa ka har'a li-valve tse laolang ho phalla ha mafura ho pholletsa le sekepe. Litiiso tsena li tlameha ho lula li tiile le tlas'a khatello e phahameng, ho netefatsa ho tšoaroa ka tsela e sireletsehileng ea mafura ka linako tsohle.
2. Propulsion Systems
Sistimi ea ho tsamaisa sekepe ke sebaka se seng sa bohlokoa moo ho hlokahalang litiiso tsa mochini. Thepa ea propeller, e fetisang matla ho tloha enjeneng ho ea ho propeller, e tlameha ho koaloa ho thibela metsi ho kena ka sekepeng le mafura hore a se ke a kena ka leoatleng.
• Stern Tube Litiiso: Thepa e ka morao, e ka morao ho sekepe, e boloka shaft ea propeller 'me e hloka litiiso tse khethehileng ho thibela metsi ho kena sekepeng ha e ntse e netefatsa hore mafura a sebelisetsoang ho tlotsa mochini oa propeller a lula a le ka har'a tsamaiso.
• SepalangoangLitiiso tsa Shaft: Litiiso tse pota-potileng mochini oa propeller li tlameha ho mamella likhatello tse feteletseng, li thibele metsi ho kena, le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bonolo ea tsamaiso ea sekepe.
3. Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Metsi a Ballast
Metsi a Ballast a sebelisetsoa ho tsitsisa likepe ha li sa jara thepa, 'me ho bohlokoa ho polokeho ea sekepe ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, litsamaiso tsa metsi a ballast le tsona li baka phephetso ea tikoloho. Likepe li tlameha ho thibela mefuta e hlaselang hore e se ke ea tsamaisoa ho tšela maoatle, ke ka lebaka leo likepe tsa morao-rao li hlokahalang ho ba le mekhoa ea ho hloekisa metsi a ballast.
Litiiso tsa mechine li sebelisoa lipompong tsa metsi tsa ballast le mekhoa ea phekolo ho thibela ho lutla leha e le hofe kapa ho kena ha metsi ho ka silafatsang tikoloho ea sekepe kapa ho lebisa ho tlōlo ea molao ea tsamaiso.
4. Mekhoa ea ho Pholisa le ea Sehatsetsing
Litiiso tsa mechine le tsona ke tsa bohlokoa tsamaisong ea ho pholisa likepe, e bolokang mocheso oa lienjene, lijenereithara le mechine e meng. Litiiso tsena li na le boikarabello ba ho thibela ho lutla ha metsi ho kena ka har'a likarolo tsa enjene kapa licheso tsa mocheso le ho netefatsa hore mochini o lula o le maemong a matle nakong ea ts'ebetso.
• Lipompo tsa Metsi a Pholisang: Litiiso tse pota-potileng lipompo tsa metsi a pholileng li thibela metsi a leoatle ho kena likarolong tsa bohlokoa tsa enjene ha a ntse a netefatsa hore se pholisang se phalla hantle ka har'a sistimi.
• Likarolo tsa Lihatsetsi: Ka likepeng tse tsamaisang thepa e senyehang, litiiso tsa mochini li tiisa hore lihatsetsi tse sebelisoang litsing tsa lihatsetsi ha li tsoe, li boloka mocheso o loketseng le ho thibela tahlehelo ea thepa ea bohlokoa.
5. Bilge Systems
Bilge ke karolo e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea sekepe moo metsi a bokellang teng. Pompo ea bilige e ikarabella bakeng sa ho tlosa metsi a mangata a kenang ka sekepeng ka lebaka la metsi a leoatle, pula, kapa condensation. Litiiso tsa mechine lipompong tsa bilige li netefatsa hore metsi a pompeloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng ka holim'a leoatle ntle le ho lutla kapa ho baka tšenyo mohahong oa sekepe.
6. Metsi-Tight Bulkhead Litiiso
Li-bulkheads tse sa keneleng metsi li etselitsoe ho thibela ho ata ha metsi ha ho ka ba le ho robeha ha sekepe. Litiiso tsa mechine ka li-bulkheads le mamati li netefatsa hore metsi a leoatle a ke ke a kena libakeng tse mahlonoko tsa sekepe. Litiiso tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho ea basebetsi le botšepehi ba sekepe, haholo-holo maemong a tšohanyetso a kang likhohola.
7. Hydraulic Systems
Likepe tse ngata li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa hydraulic ho tsamaisa lisebelisoa tse kang li-crane, li-winch le mekhoa ea ho tsamaisa. Litsamaiso tsena tsa hydraulic li itšetleha ka litiiso ho thibela ho tsoa ha maro, ho netefatsa hore sistimi e sebetsa hantle le ka katleho. Litiiso tsa mechini li bohlokoa lipompong tsa haeteroliki le li-valve ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e bolokehileng ea lits'ebetso tsena.
Mathata a ho Sebelisa Litiiso tsa Mechini Lefapheng la Maritime
Litiiso tsa mechini li tobane le mathata a mangata tikolohong ea leoatle, tse ka amang katleho ea tsona le nako ea bophelo. Liqholotso tsena li kenyelletsa:
1. Ho bola
Metsi a letsoai a senya haholo 'me a ka senya ka potlako thepa e sebelisoang liqibi haeba e sa etsoa ka thepa e nepahetseng. Ho khetha litiiso tse entsoeng ka thepa e hanang ho bola joalo ka tšepe e sa hloekang, ceramic kapa li-polymer tse tsoetseng pele ho bohlokoa ho lelefatsa nako ea bophelo ea litiiso.
2. Phapang ea Khatello e Feteletseng le Mocheso
Maemo a tlas'a khatello e phahameng ea likepe - ebang ke tsamaiso ea likoloi, litanka tsa mafura, kapa maemo a tebileng a leoatle - a ka beha khatello e kholo holim'a liqibi tsa mechine. Ho phaella moo, ho fetoha ha mocheso
Nako ea poso: Aug-07-2025