Litiiso tsa mechinie bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ho qobeng ho lutla ha liindasteri tse ngata tse fapaneng. Indastering ea likepe ho na lepompo litiiso tsa mechini, ditiiso tsa mechini tsa mokoti tse potolohang. Mme indastering ya oli le kgase ho na lelitiiso tsa mechine tsa khatriche,Litiiso tsa mechine tse arohaneng kapa litiiso tsa mechine tsa khase e omileng. Liindastering tsa likoloi ho na le litiiso tsa mechine tsa metsi. 'Me indastering ea lik'hemik'hale ho na le litiiso tsa mechine tse kopanyang (litiiso tsa mechini tse tsosang takatso) le litiiso tsa mechini tse susumetsang.
Ho latela maemo a fapaneng a tšebeliso, e hloka tharollo ea ho tiisa ea mechini e nang le thepa e fapaneng. Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea thepa e sebelisoang holitiiso tsa mochini oa shaft joalo ka litiiso tsa mechini tsa ceramic, litiiso tsa mechini tsa carbon, litiiso tsa mechini tsa Silicone carbide,Litiiso tsa mechini tsa SSIC leLitiiso tsa mechini tsa TC.
Litiiso tsa mechine tsa letsopa
Litiiso tsa mechine tsa ceramic ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, tse etselitsoeng ho thibela ho lutla ha metsi pakeng tsa libaka tse peli, joalo ka moqomo o potolohang le ntlo e sa sisinyeheng. Litiiso tsena li ananeloa haholo ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ha tsona ka tsela e ikhethang, ho hanyetsa ho bola, le bokhoni ba ho mamella mocheso o feteletseng.
Karolo ea mantlha ea litiiso tsa mechine tsa ceramic ke ho boloka botšepehi ba lisebelisoa ka ho thibela tahlehelo ea mokelikeli kapa tšilafalo. Li sebelisoa liindastering tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa oli le khase, ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, kalafo ea metsi, meriana le ts'ebetso ea lijo. Tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea litiiso tsena e ka bakoa ke kaho ea tsona e tšoarellang; li entsoe ka thepa e tsoetseng pele ea ceramic e fanang ka litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso ha li bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa litiiso.
Litiiso tsa mechini tsa ceramic li na le likarolo tse peli tse ka sehloohong: e 'ngoe ke sefahleho se sa sisinyeheng sa mechini (hangata se entsoe ka thepa ea ceramic), 'me e 'ngoe ke sefahleho se potolohang sa mechini (hangata se entsoe ka carbon graphite). Ketso ea ho tiisa e etsahala ha lifahleho ka bobeli li hatelloa hammoho ho sebelisoa matla a selemo, e leng se etsang hore ho be le tšitiso e sebetsang khahlanong le ho lutla ha metsi. Ha lisebelisoa li ntse li sebetsa, filimi e tlotsang pakeng tsa lifahleho tsa ho tiisa e fokotsa khohlano le ho tsofala ha e ntse e boloka tiiso e tiileng.
Ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e khethollang litiiso tsa mechine tsa letsopa ho mefuta e meng ke ho hanyetsa ha tsona ho tsofalang. Lisebelisoa tsa letsopa li na le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ho thatafala tse li lumellang ho mamella maemo a khorofo ntle le tšenyo e kholo. Sena se fella ka litiiso tse tšoarellang nako e telele tse hlokang ho nkeloa sebaka kapa tlhokomelo khafetsa ho feta tse entsoeng ka thepa e bonolo.
Ntle le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala, li-ceramic li boetse li bontša botsitso bo ikhethang ba mocheso. Li ka mamella mocheso o phahameng ntle le ho senyeha kapa ho lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho koala. Sena se etsa hore li lokele ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa mocheso o phahameng moo thepa e 'ngoe ea tiiso e ka 'nang ea hlōleha pele ho nako.
Qetellong, litiiso tsa mechine tsa letsopa li fana ka tšebelisano e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, ka ho hanyetsa lintho tse fapaneng tse senyang. Sena se li etsa khetho e khahlehang bakeng sa liindasteri tse sebetsanang le lik'hemik'hale tse matla le maro a mabifi khafetsa.
Litiiso tsa mechine tsa ceramic lia hlokahalalitiiso tsa likaroloe etselitsoe ho thibela ho dutla ha metsi lisebelisoa tsa indasteri. Thepa ea tsona e ikhethang, joalo ka ho hanyetsa ho tsofala, botsitso ba mocheso, le ho lumellana ha lik'hemik'hale, li etsa hore e be khetho e khethiloeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng liindastering tse ngata.
| thepa ea 'mele ea letsopa | ||||
| Paramethara ea tekheniki | yuniti | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Botenya | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Bothata | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Sekhahla sa ho ba le masoba | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Matla a ho robeha ha masapo | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Katoloso ea mocheso e sebetsang hantle | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Ho khanna ha mocheso | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Litiiso tsa mechini tsa k'habone
Setiiso sa khabone sa mechine se na le nalane e telele. Graphite ke isoform ea element carbon. Ka 1971, United States e ile ea ithuta thepa e atlehileng ea ho tiisa mechine ea graphite e tenyetsehang, e ileng ea rarolla ho lutla ha valve ea matla a athomo. Kamora ts'ebetso e tebileng, graphite e tenyetsehang e fetoha thepa e ntle ea ho tiisa, e entsoeng ka litiiso tse fapaneng tsa carbon mechanical ka phello ea likarolo tsa ho tiisa. Litiiso tsena tsa carbon mechanical li sebelisoa indastering ea lik'hemik'hale, peterole, le motlakase joalo ka setiiso sa mokelikeli oa mocheso o phahameng.
Hobane graphite e tenyetsehang e boptjoa ke katoloso ea graphite e atolositsoeng kamora mocheso o phahameng, bongata ba moemeli oa intercalating o setseng ho graphite e tenyetsehang bo nyane haholo, empa eseng ka botlalo, kahoo boteng le sebopeho sa moemeli oa intercalation li na le tšusumetso e kholo boleng le ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa.
Khetho ea Lisebelisoa tsa Sefahleho sa Setiiso sa Khabone
Moqapi oa pele o sebelisitse asiti e matla ea sulfuric e le oxidant le intercalating agent. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ho sebelisoa ho tiiso ea karolo ea tšepe, ho fumanoe hore sebabole se senyenyane se setseng ka har'a graphite e tenyetsehang se senya tšepe e kopanang kamora ho sebelisoa nako e telele. Ka lebaka lena, litsebi tse ling tsa lehae li lekile ho e ntlafatsa, joalo ka Song Kemin ea khethileng asiti ea acetic le organic acid ho e-na le sulfuric acid. acid, e liehang ho ba nitric acid, 'me e theola mocheso ho ea mochesong oa kamore, e entsoeng ka motsoako oa asiti ea nitric le acetic acid. Ka ho sebelisa motsoako oa asiti ea nitric le acetic acid e le moemeli oa ho kenya, graphite e sa kang ea ba sulfur e ile ea lokisoa ka potassium permanganate e le oxidant, 'me asiti ea acetic e ile ea eketsoa butle-butle ho nitric acid. Mocheso o fokotsoa ho ea mochesong oa kamore, 'me motsoako oa asiti ea nitric le acetic acid oa etsoa. Ebe graphite ea tlhaho ea flake le potassium permanganate li eketsoa motsoakong ona. Tlas'a ho hlohlelletsoa khafetsa, mocheso ke 30 C. Kamora ho arabela metsotso e 40, metsi a hlatsuoa ho fihlela a sa nke lehlakore 'me a omisoa ho 50 ~ 60 C, 'me graphite e atolositsoeng e etsoa kamora ho atolosoa ha mocheso o phahameng. Mokhoa ona ha o finyelle vulcanization tlas'a boemo ba hore sehlahisoa se ka fihlela bophahamo bo itseng ba katoloso, e le ho fihlela tlhaho e tsitsitseng ea thepa ea ho koala.
| Mofuta | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Letšoao | E kentsoe | E kentsoe | Phenol e kentsweng | Antimony Carbon(A) | |||||
| Botenya | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Matla a ho Robeha | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Matla a Khatello | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Bothata | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Ho ba le masoba | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Thempereichara | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
Litiiso tsa mechini tsa Silicon Carbide
Silicon carbide (SiC) e boetse e tsejoa e le carborundum, e entsoeng ka lehlabathe la quartz, petroleum coke (kapa coke ea mashala), li-chips tsa lehong (tse hlokang ho eketsoa ha ho hlahisoa silicon carbide e tala) jj. Silicon carbide e boetse e na le minerale e sa tloaelehang ka tlhaho, mulberry. Ka har'a C, N, B le lisebelisoa tse ling tse tala tse sa sebeliseng oxide tse nang le theknoloji e phahameng, silicon carbide ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang haholo le tse theko e tlaase, tse ka bitsoang lehlabathe la tšepe ea khauta kapa lehlabathe le sa sebeliseng. Hona joale, tlhahiso ea indasteri ea Chaena ea silicon carbide e arotsoe ka silicon carbide e ntšo le silicon carbide e tala, tseo ka bobeli e leng likristale tse nang le hexagonal tse nang le karolo ea 3.20 ~ 3.25 le microhardness ea 2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Lihlahisoa tsa silicon carbide li arotsoe ka mefuta e mengata ho latela tikoloho e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso. Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa haholoanyane ka mechini. Mohlala, silicon carbide ke thepa e loketseng bakeng sa tiiso ea mechini ea silicon carbide ka lebaka la khanyetso ea eona e ntle ea ts'enyeho ea lik'hemik'hale, matla a phahameng, thata e phahameng, khanyetso e ntle ea ho tsofala, coefficient e nyane ea khohlano le khanyetso e phahameng ea mocheso.
Masale a SIC Seal a ka aroloa ka lesale le sa fetoheng, lesale le tsamaeang, lesale le bataletseng le tse ling. SiC silicon e ka etsoa ka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa carbide, tse kang lesale le potolohang la silicon carbide, setulo se sa sisinyeheng sa silicon carbide, sehlahla sa silicon carbide, le tse ling, ho latela litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa bareki. E ka boela ea sebelisoa hammoho le thepa ea graphite, 'me coefficient ea eona ea khohlano e nyane ho feta alumina ceramic le hard alloy, kahoo e ka sebelisoa ka boleng bo phahameng ba PV, haholo-holo boemong ba acid e matla le alkali e matla.
Ho fokotseha ha khohlano ea SIC ke e 'ngoe ea melemo ea bohlokoa ea ho e sebelisa litiisong tsa mechini. Ka hona, SIC e ka mamella ho tsofala le ho taboha hamolemo ho feta lisebelisoa tse ling, e leng se eketsang bophelo ba tiiso. Ho feta moo, khohlano e fokotsehileng ea SIC e fokotsa tlhoko ea ho tlotsa. Ho hloka ho tlotsa ho fokotsa monyetla oa tšilafalo le ho bola, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni le ts'epo.
SIC e boetse e na le khanyetso e kholo ea ho tsofala. Sena se bontša hore e ka mamella tšebeliso e tsoelang pele ntle le ho senyeha kapa ho robeha. Sena se etsa hore e be thepa e phethahetseng bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e hlokang boemo bo phahameng ba ho tšepahala le ho tšoarella.
E ka boela ea kopanngoa le ho bentšoa hape e le hore sekoahelo se ka nchafatsoa makhetlo a mangata bophelong ba sona. Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa haholoanyane ka mechini, joalo ka litiisong tsa mechini ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha eona mafome a lik'hemik'hale hantle, matla a phahameng, ho thatafala ho hoholo, ho hanyetsa ho tsofala ho hoholo, coefficient e nyane ea khohlano le ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng.
Ha e sebelisoa bakeng sa lifahleho tsa tiiso ea mechini, silicon carbide e fella ka ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng, bophelo bo eketsehileng ba tiiso, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhokomelo, le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ho sebetsa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse potolohang tse kang li-turbine, li-compressor le lipompo tsa centrifugal. Silicon carbide e ka ba le thepa e fapaneng ho latela hore na e entsoe joang. Silicon carbide e kopantsoeng le karabelo e thehoa ka ho kopanya likaroloana tsa silicon carbide ho e mong le e mong ts'ebetsong ea karabelo.
Ts'ebetso ena ha e ame boholo ba thepa ea 'mele le ea mocheso haholo, leha ho le joalo e fokotsa khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale ea thepa. Lik'hemik'hale tse tloaelehileng tse nang le bothata ke li-caustics (le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse nang le pH e phahameng) le li-acid tse matla, ka hona, silicon carbide e kopantsoeng le karabelo ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa le lits'ebetso tsena.
Ho kenella ha karabelo ho kentsoesilicon carbide. Ka har'a thepa e joalo, masoba a thepa ea pele ea SIC a tlatsoa nakong ea ho kenella ka ho chesa silicon ea tšepe, kahoo SiC ea bobeli ea hlaha 'me thepa e fumana thepa e ikhethang ea mechini, e fetoha e sa tsofaleng. Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha eona ho fokolang, e ka sebelisoa tlhahisong ea likarolo tse kholo le tse rarahaneng tse nang le mamello e haufi. Leha ho le joalo, bokaholimo ba silicon bo fokotsa mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso ho 1,350 °C, khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale le eona e lekanyelitsoe ho hoo e ka bang pH 10. Thepa ha e khothalletsoe ho sebelisoa libakeng tse mabifi tsa alkaline.
SinteredCarbide ea silicon e fumanoa ka ho sila granulate ea SIC e hatisitsoeng esale pele mochesong oa 2000 °C ho theha maqhama a matla pakeng tsa lithollo tsa thepa.
Taba ea pele, lerako lea teteana, ebe masoba aa fokotseha, 'me qetellong maqhama pakeng tsa lithollo aa teteana. Ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebetso e joalo, ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha sehlahisoa ho etsahala - ka hoo e ka bang 20%.
Lesale la tiiso la SSIC e hanela lik'hemik'hale tsohle. Kaha ha ho na silicon ea tšepe e teng sebopehong sa eona, e ka sebelisoa mochesong o fihlang ho 1600C ntle le ho ama matla a eona.
| thepa | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Menyetla (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Botenya (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| Bothata | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| Modulus e Tenyetsehang (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Dikahare tsa SiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Dikahare tsa Si (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Matla a Kobehileng (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Matla a ho Hatella (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| Katoloso ea mocheso e lekanang hantle (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Ho hanyetsa mocheso (sepakapakeng) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
Tiiso ea mechini ea TC
Lisebelisoa tsa TC li na le litšobotsi tsa ho ba thata haholo, matla, ho hanyetsa ho khohlela le ho hanyetsa ho hohloka. E tsejoa e le "Leino la Indasteri". Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e phahameng, e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo indastering ea sesole, lifofaneng, ts'ebetsong ea mechini, tšepeng, ho cheka oli, puisanong ea elektroniki, meralong le masimong a mang. Mohlala, lipompong, li-compressor le li-agitator, lesale la carbide la Tungsten le sebelisoa e le litiiso tsa mechini. Ho hanyetsa ho khohlela hantle le ho ba thata haholo ho etsa hore e lokele tlhahiso ea likarolo tse sa tsofaleng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng, khohlano le ho hohloka.
Ho ya ka sebopeho sa yona sa dikhemikhale le dibopeho tsa tshebediso, TC e ka arolwa ka mekhahlelo e mene: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), le titanium carbide (YN).
Motsoako o thata oa Tungsten cobalt (YG) o entsoe ka WC le Co. E loketse ho sebetsana le thepa e robehang habonolo joalo ka tšepe e lahliloeng, litšepe tse se nang ferrous le thepa e seng ea tšepe.
Stellite (YT) e entsoe ka WC, TiC le Co. Ka lebaka la ho eketsoa ha TiC ho motsoako, khanyetso ea eona ea ho tsofala e ntlafetse, empa matla a ho kobeha, ts'ebetso ea ho sila le ho khanna ha mocheso li fokotsehile. Ka lebaka la ho robeha ha eona tlas'a mocheso o tlase, e loketse feela thepa e akaretsang ea ho seha ka lebelo le phahameng eseng bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea thepa e robehang.
Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) e eketsoa motsoakong ho eketsa boima ba mocheso o phahameng, matla le khanyetso ea ho khohlela ka tekanyo e loketseng ea tantalum carbide kapa niobium carbide. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho tiea le hona hoa ntlafala ka ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho seha e felletseng. E sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa thepa ea ho seha e thata le ho seha ka linako tse ling.
Sehlopha sa motheo sa titanium se nang le khabone (YN) ke motsoako o thata o nang le karolo e thata ea TiC, nickel le molybdenum. Melemo ea eona ke ho thatafala ho hoholo, bokhoni ba ho thibela ho kopana, ho tsofala ha crescent le bokhoni ba ho thibela oxidation. Mochesong o fetang likhato tse 1000, e ntse e ka etsoa ka mochini. E sebetsa ho phethelong e tsoelang pele ea tšepe ea alloy le tšepe e timang.
| mohlala | dikahare tsa nikeli (boima%) | bongata (g/cm²) | thatafalo (HRA) | matla a ho kobeha (≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| mohlala | dikahare tsa cobalt (boima%) | bongata (g/cm²) | thatafalo (HRA) | matla a ho kobeha (≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |